Surveying with Geomatics and R

Marcelo de Carvalho Alves and Luciana Sanches

This bookistheresultofexperienceinteaching,researchandextensionactivitiesdeveloped bytheauthorsovertheir20-yearprofessionalcareers.Withthemultidisciplinaryassociationof areas suchasgeomatics,electronicsandrobotics,scienceparadigmscanbebetterunderstood, suchastheextensionofthespaceuniverseinwhichweliveandtheoriginoflifeonEarth. The science,artandtechnologyofsurveyinghasadvancedrapidlywiththeneedtoobtainmaps with locationsofborders,realizationofpracticesandconstructionsinruralareas,urbanareas, preservationofnaturalresourcesandknowledgeaboutecologicalaspectsoftheinhabitantsofthe planet Earth.Scientificprinciplesareusedtoencompassabroadrangeofmorespecializedfields of geomaticengineering,eachwithamorespecificemphasisonparticularareasoflandsurvey- ing, photogrammetry,remotesensing,cartography,geographicinformationsystemsandscience. The traditionalinstrumentsusedinthe1960sand1970s,suchastheodolites,surveyorlevels and surveyingchains,havebeencomplementedbyasetofnewhigh-techinstruments.Currently, dependingonthequalityofthetopographicsurvey,measuringtheenvironmentwithgeomat- ics requirestheuseofelectronicinstruments,suchaselectronictotalstation,globalnavigation satellite systems(GNSS),cellphonesconnectedtogeographicinformationsystemsandwithgeo- graphic applications,3Dmobilemappingsystems,laserscanners,digitalcameras,remotesensors and digitalprinters.Thescopeofthechapterscoveredwaschosenforapplicationsinagricultural engineering scienceproblemsusingcomputerprogrammingroutines,throughtheRsoftwareand R packages.Exercisesaresolvedattheendofeachchaptertohelpunderstandthetheoriesde- velopedinthe14chapters.Thisisthefirstbookeverwithatheoreticalandpracticalapproach on theuseofgeomaticswithscienceandRsoftware.Asastudyguide,slidesandillustrative videos arepresentedaboutthesubjectcoveredineachchapter.Thedevelopmentofscientific researchongeomaticsisstimulatedthroughactivityproposalsthatcanbeusedoradaptedby the studenttoassesstheapplicabilityofthesubjectmattercoveredineachchapter.Learning outcome assessmentstrategiesarealsoincludedinordertoexpandthepossibilitiesofsolving geomatics problemswithRandsciencebystudents,teachers,researchersandusersofgeomatics.